Fabrication of visible-light assisted TiO2-WO3-PANI membrane for effective reduction of chromium (VI) in photocatalytic membrane reactor

Abstract

In this work, TiO 2-WO3(40:1) nanoparticles were hydrothermally prepared and, embedded in Polyaniline (PANI) membrane with varying concentrations (3–7 wt%) and, used in photocatalytic membrane reactor for the removal of Cr(VI) from the aqueous solutions. 4-methyl piperidine (4-MP) was used as a gel inhibiting agent in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent to prepare PANI-based flat-sheet membranes by phase inversion method. Through different characterization technique, it has been found that TiO 2-WO3 incorporated PANI membranes showed enhanced membrane properties like better hydrophilicity, better antifouling properties, higher water uptake, lower contact angle, higher porosity, and better heavy metal removal efficiency compared to bare PANI membranes. PANI membrane with 5 wt% TiO 2-WO3 exhibited a percentage rejection of 98.50% within 60 min at 0.5 MPa transmembrane pressure. Cr(VI) reduction under light and dark conditions was performed in a dead-end filtration cell with a quartz window at the top and the 5 wt% TiO 2-WO3– PANI membrane showed 67.32% reduction under visible light. TiO 2-WO3 incorporated PANI nanofiltration membranes can act as an integrated system consists of a short-circuited photo-anode and cathode under visible light irradiation. Overall, TiO 2-PANI membranes promote Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) in the photocatalytic membrane reactor and exhibits a better self-cleaning property.