Fabrication of temperature-regulated sorbitol/mannitol-doped copper oxides derived from a Cu complex and their photocatalytic properties

Abstract

In this study, a series of composites containing copper oxide (CuxO) particles doped with sorbitol/mannitol, namely Cu/CuxO@C (x = 1 or 2), was successfully derived from a novel copper complex ([Cu(IPZ)2Cl2] (Cu-Complex), where IPZ = 4-Iodopyrazole) by pyrolysis method and exploiting the stability and modulation of the coordination sites of sorbitol/mannitol, which exhibited excellent photocatalytic properties. The results showed that Cu/CuxO@C possessed high efficiency in degrading rhodamine B (RhB), gentian violet (GV), methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) dyes under UV irradiation, and the degradation effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of calcination temperature. The structural and chemical states of the materials were characterised in detail. Furthermore, the effects of experimental factors such as catalyst dose, solution pH, and inorganic anions on dye degradation efficiency were investigated. The photocatalytic mechanism study demonstrated that the primary oxygen-active substance was superoxide radical (·O2-). The electron transport hypothesis explains the effective separation of electrons and holes within a substance. The Cu/CuxO@C composite was regarded as a potential photocatalyst for dye wastewater treatment due to its high photocatalytic efficiency, reusability, and universality, offering a novel solution to environmental and energy issues.