Abstract
Sulfonic acid groups functionalized aromatic carbon microspheres (Ar-CMSs–SO3H) were first successfully fabricated directly from waste Camellia oleifera shells by simple steps in the assistance of phloroglucinol. As a heterogeneous solid Brønsted acid catalyst, the as-prepared Ar-CMSs–SO3H showed considerably high activity because of its numerous spherical microstructure and abundant surface sulfonic acid groups (–SO3H). Subsequently, the as-prepared Ar-CMSs–SO3H was applied to the synthesis of biofuels 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) from biological platform compounds 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The catalytic results showed that both sulfonation conditions in the course of Ar-CMSs–SO3H preparation and catalytic reaction conditions in the course of EMF synthesis had a significant effect on the EMF yield and HMF conversion rate.
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