Abstract
Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM) is a powder bed-based additive manufacturing process for metals. As the electron beam can be moved inertia-free by electromagnetic lenses, the solidification conditions can be deliberately adjusted within the process. This enables control over the local solidification conditions. SEBM typically leads to columnar grain structures. Based on numerical simulation, we demonstrated how technical single crystals develop in IN718 by forcing the temperature gradient along a µ-Helix. The slope of the µ-Helix, i.e., the deviation of the thermal gradient from the build direction, determined the effectiveness of grain selection right up to single crystals.
Highlights
IntroductionAdditive Manufacturing (AM) is an integral part of Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an integral part of Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution.AM is a revolutionary way of manufacturing, and is subject to intense research and development efforts
This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying grain selection processes leading to single crystals
Summary
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an integral part of Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution. AM is a revolutionary way of manufacturing, and is subject to intense research and development efforts. With respect to powder bed fusion AM of metals, Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM) and the more common Selective Laser Melting (SLM) were investigated. The use of an electron beam as a heat source offers unique possibilities for the manufacturing process. Operating temperatures of more than 1000 ◦ C become feasible as the electron beam can be used in a focused way for selective melting. The defocused beam can be used as a source of global heat input.
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