Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Acalypha paniculata Extract, AI-Based Interaction Analysis and Its Activity Explication

Abstract

This study showcases eco-friendly silver nanoparticle synthesis using Acalypha paniculata herb and its biological activity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are used to analyze the interaction between phytoconstituent and silver ion to find the capping and nanoparticle fabricating phytoconstituents. Ethanolic extract was added to silver nitrate solution and irradiated under sunlight until the formation of silver nanoparticles. These particles were sedimented, characterised by spectral technique and biological activity was measured. Finally, a Computational simulation algorithm was used to visualize the interactions of phytoconstituent and silver nanoparticles. Ultra Violet (UV)-visible spectrum revealed a visible peak at 420nm in the brownish solution, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) size of 54.7nm, spherical crystalline morphology of the nanoparticle by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The synthesized silver nanoparticle antagonised Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus and showed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 65 µg/mL, and 78 µg/mL respectively and Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) of 52.5 µg/mL for B.cereus and 61.5µg/mL for E.coli. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals IC50 was found to be 97.414 µg/mL and it revealed the dose-dependent antioxidant activity of phyto-capped silver particles. The cytotoxicity of fabricated nanoparticles was studied on Vero cells and the results indicate that IC50 of 47.28 µg/mL. Furthermore, an AI-based study concludes that Alloaromadendrene adsorbed highly by the Silver (Ag) ion compared to the nitrate with an affinity of -30.6755 kcal/mol. This research introduces an innovative, cost-effective method for stable Acalypha paniculata Silver Nanoparticles (AP-AgNPs) fabrication, crucial for diverse biomedical uses.