Abstract
In the last few decades, anthraquinone and its derivatives (AQs) have been intensively applied to electrochemical, textile and dye, and photovoltaic industries. This has increased the levels of AQs in the natural environment and threatens human health. To remove AQs from the aqueous phase and recover these multi-functional molecules, a binary magnetic adsorbent, reduced graphene/Fe3O4 (rGO/Fe3O4), was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were then used to characterize the samples. The adsorption capacities of rGO/Fe3O4 to AQs were investigated by selecting anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQ2S) as a model molecule. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the second-order kinetics. The regeneration of adsorbents and the recycling of AQ2S and solvent were simultaneously achieved by Soxhlet extraction and rotary evaporation. These results confirm the high adsorption efficiency of rGO/Fe3O4 for removing AQs from water and provide a promising approach to recover the valuable molecules from the aqueous phase.
Highlights
Anthraquinone and its derivatives (AQs) have attracted increasing attention because of their excellent electrochemical properties and good visible-light responses [1]
The morphology and structure of the as-prepared rGO/Fe3O4 are shown in the Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image (Figure 2)
The adsorption of AQ2S on the surface of rGO/Fe3O4 is greatly influenced by temperature
Summary
Anthraquinone and its derivatives (AQs) have attracted increasing attention because of their excellent electrochemical properties and good visible-light responses [1]. As non-precious metal electrode materials, AQs have been intensively applied to develop environmentally friendly batteries that have high voltage and better energy-storage capacities [2]. They are used to degrade refractory organic pollutants in advanced electrochemical oxidation processes (EAOPs) [3]. Their conjugated double bonds increase their capacity for light absorption [4]. Continuous efforts have been made to eliminate AQs from aqueous environments These methods include bacterial degradation, advanced oxidation processes, physical techniques, and electrochemical oxidation [8,9,10].
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