Fabrication of p-type and n-type SnS thin films through vacuum-free deposition techniques

Abstract

Here, SnS thin films having p and n-type conductivity were fabricated using vacuum-free deposition techniques such as chemical bath deposition (CBD) and chemical spray pyrolysis technique (CSB). The fabricated thin films were subjected to structural, morphological, optical, and electrical analysis using various characterization techniques. The direct optical bandgaps of the SnS-based thin films are 1.80 eV and 1.66 eV. The absorption coefficient of SnS thin films fabricated by the CSP technique is 105 cm−1. The electrical properties of SnS thin films were analyzed by a hall measurement system. The type of conductivity obtained for the SnS thin films was different for both deposition techniques. In the CBD method, p-type conductivity were obtained for SnS films. The SnS thin films fabricated by the CSP technique possess n-type conductivity. The optimum bandgap, high absorption coefficient, type conversion nature and suitable morphology helps the material as potential candidate for thin film based energy generation and energy conversion applications.