Fabrication of outstanding thermal-insulating, mechanical robust and superhydrophobic PP/CNT/sorbitol derivative nanocomposite foams for efficient oil/water separation

Abstract

Water pollution caused by industrial oily wastewater, is world-widely concerned by both scientific and practical researches, owing to its catastrophic destruction to natural environment, which highlights the urgency of producing green and advanced separation materials. Herein, a novel approach was proposed to fabricate oil-absorbing and oil/water-separating microcellular polypropylene (PP)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/sorbitol nanocomposites using a simple, green, and facile microcellular foaming technology. Owning to the effectively modified crystallization via introducing CNTs/sorbitol derivatives, the ultralight and highly-reticulated PP microcellular foam was prepared with an open-cell content of 99.4% and an expansion ratio of 50, which facilitated the creation of nano-porous structures on cell walls. Hence, the as-prepared PP nanocomposite foam presented pronounced absorption capacity of 40 g/g for applied oils with recovery efficiency of 97.2%, superior thermal-insulating and mechanical performance. Furthermore, the as-achieved unique hierarchical porous structures of the PP/CNT/sorbitol foam contributed to the outstanding oil/water separation capability, separation efficiency of up-to 97.6%, ascribed to its superhydrophobicity, capillary penetration action, high porosity and open-cell content. Therefore, this work provided new insight into the feasibility of advantageous, high-efficiency, environmentally friendly, and profitable PP-based foams as oil absorbents, which, to the best of our knowledge, outperform conventional polymer absorbents in treatment of oily wastewater.