Fabrication of Ni3N nanorods anchored on N-doped carbon for selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes

Abstract

Nickel is a highly active catalyst for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes. However, the low selectivity of the alkene product caused by the over-hydrogenation reaction on Ni has hindered its practical applications. In this work, we report a new nickel nitride (Ni3N)-catalyzed semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to the corresponding alkenes. The Ni3N nanorods were facilely fabricated via a direct pyrolysis of the solid mixture of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and melamine (Mlm). The Ni3N phase in the optimum catalyst (Ni3N/NC-6/5-550) is shown to be effective and stable in the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes, with a high yield and good selectivity for alkenes (Z/E ratios up to >99/1). Both terminal and internal alkynes bearing a broad scope of functional groups are readily converted into alkenes with good chemo- and stereoselectivity. Notably, it was found that the over-hydrogenation can be markedly suppressed even at high conversion of alkyne. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the low interaction between the alkene product and the Ni3N might plays a critical role in the selectivity enhancement.