Abstract
Well-oriented and crystalline WO3 nanorod arrays (WNRAs) decorated with Mo were synthesized on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by the hydrothermal method. The effects of Mo doping, hydrothermal reaction time, and hydrothermal temperature on the morphologies and electrochromic properties of as-prepared WNRAs were studied thoroughly. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and chronoamperometry techniques were used to characterize the structures and properties of obtained WNRAs. The results demonstrate that the average diameter of the as-prepared WNRAs ranged from 30 to 70 nm. During the decoration of Mo on the WNRAs, the growth density of as-prepared WNRAs decreased and the surfaces became rough. However, the decorated Mo on WNRAs synthesized at 180 °C for 5 h with a Mo/W mole ratio of 1:40 exhibited better electrochromic properties than single WNRAs. They exhibited high optical modulation (61.7%), fast bleaching/coloring response times (3 s/9 s), high coloration efficiency values (73.1 cm2/C), and good cycling stability.
Highlights
At present, tungsten trioxide (WO3 ) is a multipurpose usage material on account of its polyvalence and varied crystal forms
The results indicate that the accomplished film was composed of nanorods without noticeable differences in morphology but the average diameter and length of the nanorods were diminished with the increase of ratios of Mo/W (RMo/W)
Mo-doped WO3 nanorod arrays (WNRAs) were synthesized on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by a simple hydrothermal method with low cost
Summary
Tungsten trioxide (WO3 ) is a multipurpose usage material on account of its polyvalence and varied crystal forms It has shown fascinating potential in the application of various gas sensors [1,2,3], photo catalysis [4,5], solar cells [6,7], lithium ion batteries [8], supercapacitors [9,10], and electrochromic (EC) devices [11,12]. WO3 is well known for its good charge storage/transfer properties and non-stoichiometric properties, as the lattice can withstand many oxygen vacancies This characteristic feature makes it capable of exhibiting an excellent electrochromic activity by applying a small voltage across the film. Zheng et al [19] synthesized orientation-controlled h-WO3 nanostructures on Materials 2018, 11, 1627; doi:10.3390/ma11091627 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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