Abstract
Accurate and precise application of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in the quantification of environmental pollutants is a strenuous task. In this work, the electrochemical response of alendronate sodium trihydrate (ALN) was evaluated by the fabrication of two sensitive and delicate membrane electrodes, viz. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. A linear response was obtained at concentrations from 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−2 M for both electrodes. A Nernstian slope of 29 mV/decade over a pH range of 8–11 for the PVC and GC membrane electrodes was obtained. All assay settings were carefully adjusted to obtain the best electrochemical response. The proposed technique was effectively applied for the quantification of ALN in pure form and wastewater samples, acquired from manufacturing industries. The proposed electrodes were effectively used for the determination of ALN in real wastewater samples without any prior treatment. The current findings guarantee the applicability of the fabricated ISEs for the environmental monitoring of ALN.
Highlights
Bisphosphonates are the therapeutic agents used to treat postmenopausal bone loss, Paget’s disease, malignancy-related hypercalcemia, and osteolytic osseous metastatic disease [1]
alendronate sodium trihydrate (ALN) residues in wastewater samples without sample pre-treatment, which in 3tuofr1n2, makes the environmental monitoring task of the studied drug an easy process
The execution of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) was assessed by various factors including response time, pH range, dynamic linear response ranges, the limit of detection, selectivity, and shelf life
Summary
Bisphosphonates are the therapeutic agents used to treat postmenopausal bone loss, Paget’s disease, malignancy-related hypercalcemia, and osteolytic osseous metastatic disease [1]. Bisphosphonates are not metabolized and excreted unchanged in the urine, which leads to their accumulation in hospital sewage. They are generally found in surface and underground water, due to their polar and water-soluble nature. Their presence in pharmaceutical wastewater may constitute a great risk to human health. Regarding numerous studies on the determination of pharmaceutical agents in wastewaters and their hazardous effects on the health of living beings, there is no fixed limit for their presence in soil or natural water [3]
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