Fabrication of gold nanoparticles-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a high performance electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of toxicant Sudan I

Abstract

In this paper, we are presenting a facile, green and in situ synthesis strategy for the convenient preparation of well-dispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) without the use of any template molecules and poisonous reductant. The as-synthesized nanocomposite has been detailedly characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis as well as electrochemical technologies. The morphological and structural characterizations illustrate that AuNPs can be efficiently decorated on RGO with the Au content of 20.33wt% in the matrix and the size of the embedded AuNPs vary between 25 and 40nm. The electrochemical investigations confirm that the small-sized AuNPs on the RGO film can remarkably boost the electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of Sudan I, which can be used as an enhanced electrochemical sensing platform for the sensitively detection of the toxicant Sudan I. Moreover, the kinetic parameter studies demonstrate that the Sudan I electro-oxidation at the AuNPs/RGO electrode is a diffusion-controlled process which involves two-electron and two-proton transfer. Under the optimal conditions, a wide linear range of Sudan I detection from 0.01 to 70μmolL−1 with good linearity (R2=0.9965, 0.9942) and a low detection limit (1.0nmolL−1, S/N=3) were obtained. In comparison with the existing analogues ever reported, the AuNPs/RGO eletrode exhibits overwhelmingly superior comprehensive properties for the sensitive detection of Sudan I. Finally, the newly developed sensor was applied to quantitative determination of Sudan I in food samples such as chilli powder and ketchup sauce with satisfactory sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility.