Abstract
Fiber structures with nanoscale diameters offer many fascinating features, such as excellent mechanical properties and high specific surface areas, making them attractive for many applications. Among a variety of technologies for preparing nanofibers, electrospinning is rapidly evolving into a simple process, which is capable of forming diverse morphologies due to its flexibility, functionality, and simplicity. In such review, more emphasis is put on the construction of polymer nanofiber structures and their potential applications. Other issues of electrospinning device, mechanism, and prospects, are also discussed. Specifically, by carefully regulating the operating condition, modifying needle device, optimizing properties of the polymer solutions, some unique structures of core–shell, side-by-side, multilayer, hollow interior, and high porosity can be obtained. Taken together, these well-organized polymer nanofibers can be of great interest in biomedicine, nutrition, bioengineering, pharmaceutics, and healthcare applications.
Highlights
Micro/nanofiber mats have been a subject of intensive research due to their high specific surface area and interconnected porous structure [1]
The electrospinning technique involves the application of a high-voltage electrostatic field to overcome the surface tension forces of the droplet
Morphologies of the electrospun fibers could be affected by the following parameters: (i) processing variables; (ii) system characterizations; (iii) ambient conditions, all of these have been widely studied in several recent publications [16,96]
Summary
Micro/nanofiber mats have been a subject of intensive research due to their high specific surface area and interconnected porous structure [1]. These unique features, in addition to the intrinsic functionalities of polymers, impart nanofiber mats with many desirable properties for interesting applications in a multitude of fields [2,3,4]. Weight, electrical conductivity, surface [21], but the voltageweight, applied during diameterviscosity, of the obtained polymer structure are nottension only affected byalso the molecular viscosity, electrospinning, the distance the tip tobut thealso collector [22], and the feeding [23]. The ideal state of the electrospun polymer was obtained by regulating these parameters
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