Fabrication of Efficient and Selective Modified Graphene Paste Sensor for the Determination of Catechol and Hydroquinone

Jamballi G. Manjunatha

doi:10.3390/surfaces3030034

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor, based on a graphene paste electrode (GPE), was modified with a polymerization method, and the electrochemical behavior of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ) was investigated using electroanalytical methods like cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The effect of CC at the modified electrode was evidenced by the positive shift of the oxidation peak potential of CC at the poly (rosaniline)-modified graphene paste electrode (PRAMGPE) and the nine-fold enhancement of the peak current, as compared to a bare graphene paste electrode (BGPE). The sensitivity of CC investigated by DPV was more sensitive than CV for the analysis of CC. The DPV method showed the two linear ranges of 2.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−5 M and 1.5 × 10−5–5 × 10−5 M. The detection limit and limit of quantification were determined to be 8.2 × 10−7 and 27.6 × 10−7 M, respectively. The obtained results were compared successfully with respect to those obtained using the official method. Moreover, this sensor is applied for the selective determination of CC in the presence of HQ. The high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and wide linear range make the modified electrode suitable for the determination of CC in real samples. The practical application of the sensor was demonstrated by determining the concentration of CC in water samples with acceptable recoveries (97.5–98%).

Highlights

Isomeric benzenediol compounds, for example, hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC), show notable antagonistic impacts on human health and the environment
In addition to some other natural sources, hydroquinone and catechol discover their way to the environment [2]
The superficial properties of bare graphene paste electrode (BGPE) and Poly(RA)MGPE were explicated by field emission scanning

Summary

Introduction

For example, hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC), show notable antagonistic impacts on human health and the environment Such compounds, for the most part, begin from creating solutions in the photography, paper, and rubber industries [1]. The poisonousness of phenols produced from bioremediation, for example, fertilizing the soil, can likewise welcome on bothersome environmental impacts and genuinely harm evacuation efficiencies [3,4,5,6,7]. These modern uses of the two compounds not withstanding their poisonousness in the environment demand simple, accurate, precise, sensitive, and selective determination of the two compounds. A few methods have been proposed to determine CC and HQ such as spectrophotometric [8,9], liquid chromatography [10,11], synchronous fluorescence [12], chemiluminescence [13], capillary electrophoresis [14], and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [15]

Methods

Results

Conclusion