Abstract
Stem cells are utilized to create living and functional tissues to regenerate and repair tissue or organs in the body in cell based and regenerative treatments. It has been demonstrated that stem cell treatments can improve perfusion and stimulate neovascularization in peripheral arterial disease. However, such treatments usually suffer from some deficiencies, such as immune rejection and limited proliferation of implanted cells.In this study, we focused on the application of the decellularized adipose tissue (DAT), which is a native extracellular matrix (ECM), in cell based therapies. Biomaterials extracted from the organism itself possesses great potential as scaffold materials for stem cell culture as well as new tissue construct formation, especially if the ECM and cell are from the same source (in our case, the adipose tissue). Therefore, DAT solution (DATsol) was combined with alginate in our study to culture adipose stem cells (ASCs).We investigated the mixture of DATsol and high or low molecular weight alginate. The 2-D in vitro study of DATsol/alginate was found to promote cell adhesion and differentiation. ASCs, immobilized in DATsol/alginate microspheres, demonstrated metabolic activity which with an overall viability higher than 80%. The results suggested that the use of DATsol and alginate possesses great potential for application in cell based therapies in ischemia patients which facilitates the development of new mature and stable capillaries.
Highlights
The development of tissue engineering is currently focused on vascular, neural, and skeletal repair [1]
decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) solution (DATsol) was combined with alginate in our study to culture adipose stem cells (ASCs).We investigated the mixture of DATsol and high or low molecular weight alginate
We used DAPI to determine the amount of nucleolus remained in DAT after decellularzation; Dimethylmethylene Blue Assay (DMMB) to determine the glycol-amino-glycan (GAGs) in the cell; [24] Hydroxyproline assay to determine the amount of collagen in the cell; [25] and, BCA assay to determine the concentration of DAT solution [26]
Summary
The development of tissue engineering is currently focused on vascular, neural, and skeletal repair [1]. Human adipose tissue was decellularization to produce cell free extracellular matrix(ECM) [5,6]. It can be used as a framework for cell proliferation [7]. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent stem cells with differential potentials toward the adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and myogenic lineages. ASCs meet the criteria for an ideal stem cell source including abundant quantities, minimal invasive harvest procedure, differential potentials to multiple cell lineages, safe and effective transplantation to either autologous or allogeneic host. In order to morph alginate into spheres and coat the pASCs, Nisco Var J30, an encapsulation unit, was used [11,12,13]. Using the encapsulating unit [17], we can produce the microsphere hydrogels made from alginate and pASCs [18,19,20,21,22]
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