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Abstract
The preparation of copper manganite (hopcalite, Cu1.5Mn1.5O4), as a single phase, was achieved by using a sustainable method of green synthesis. This method is based on the replacement of the conventional “brute force” ceramic preparation by the recent “soft force” green synthesis via the egg white assisted one-step method. In other words, we present a facile and rapid methodology to prepare the nanocrystalline Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel as a single phase, compared to our previous work using ceramic and glycine-assisted combustion methods. The as-synthesized copper manganite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). We used a vibrating sample magnetometer to determine the magnetic properties of the prepared sample (VSM). XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS and transmittance electron micrograph (TEM) resulted in synthesis of a successful cubic spinel Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 system with a sponge crystal structure. The particles of the prepared materials are polycrystalline in their nature and the sizes ranged between 50 and 100 nm. The magnetic measurement demonstrated that the generated nanostructure has been found to exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature with an optimum saturation magnetization value (0.2944 emu/g).
Highlights
In several important applications such as electronics, optics, magnetism, catalysis to energy storage and conversion, spinel type materials have long attracted scientific and technological consideration [1]
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed an amorphous state for samples prepared without and with 2.5 mL egg white, while the sample treated with 5 mL egg white is a very good crystalline system with 10 peaks, two of which are very strong peaks at degree 2 theta equal to 37,634 and 43,862 degrees, encoding plane parameters (222) and (004), respectively
These peaks are consistent with the values recorded for Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 NPs Cubic Spinel (PDF file No 35-1171) [20]
Summary
In several important applications such as electronics, optics, magnetism, catalysis to energy storage and conversion, spinel type materials have long attracted scientific and technological consideration [1]. Versatile applications for manganese-based spinels (MMn2O4) were determined in the case of lithium insertion electrodes, magnetic solids and catalysts [2,3,4]. For medical applications, including bio imaging, target drug development and hyperthermia, certain materials were being used [5,6]. Towards the production of copper-manganese mixed oxides, different preparation techniques have been employed. It is reported that due to Jahn–Teller distortion, the crystal structure of manganese-based spinels, such as spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), often has a tetragonal unit cell, but under certain preparation conditions it can become cubic [16]
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