Abstract
This study report on the synthesis of spinel CuFe2O4 nanostructures by surfactant-assisted method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman, transition electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and Brunauer-Teller-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area techniques. CuFe2O4 was active for pinene oxidation using tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to pinene oxide, verbenol, and verbenone aroma oxygenates. Under optimized reaction conditions, the spinel CuFe2O4 catalyst could afford 80% pinene conversion at a combined verbenol/verbenone selectivity of 76% within the reaction time of 20 h. The changes in catalyst synthesis solvent composition ratios induced significantly varying redox, phases, and textural structure features, which resulted in various catalytic enhancement effect. Characterization results showed the spinel CuFe2O4 catalyst possessing less than 5 wt% impurity phases, Cu(OH)2, and CuO to afford the best catalytic performance. The CuFe2O4 catalyst was recyclable to up to five reaction cycles without loss of its activity. The recyclability of the bimetal CuFe2O4 oxide catalyst was simply rendered by use of an external magnet to separate it from the liquid solution.
Highlights
The chemistry of aroma, flavor, and fragrance for cosmetic, therapeutic, and food ingredients constitute the backbone of the fine and specialty chemical industry [1]
The majority of the aroma chemicals are complex or are not possible to synthesize via the fossil-derived carbon; there has been a significant interest in the growth and adoption of the biorefinery related research activities [1,2,3,4]
We report on the synthesis of spinel CuFe2 O4 catalysts by the design approach using
Summary
The chemistry of aroma, flavor, and fragrance for cosmetic, therapeutic, and food ingredients constitute the backbone of the fine and specialty chemical industry [1]. These kinds of chemical derivatives boast high manufacturing costs and are mostly produced in small volumes but possess significant high-value potential applications. The fast-growing demand of terpenes-derived renewable fine chemicals has attracted much research attention in both academic and industrial research fraternity in recent times [4]. The terpenes are the derivative of the wood processing of the pulp and paper industry. Turpentine is a collective term used to describe mixture of various hydrocarbons namely; carene, camphene, and pinene [5]
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