Fabrication of Bi0.5(Na0.4K0.1)TiO3 Lead-Free Ceramics Using Reactive Templated Grain Growth Method for Improving Their Preferred Degree of Orientation, Dielectric, and Ferroelectric Properties

Abstract

A Bi4Ti3O12 template was added to the (1 − x)[Bi0.5(Na0.4K0.1)TiO3]-xBi4Ti3O12 ceramics (BNKT; where x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30) and lead-free ceramics were produced by tape casting to improve their dielectric and ferroelectric properties. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering spectra showed a pure perovskite phase in the all-ceramic samples. In addition, the surface morphology of BNKT ceramics was identified by microstructure images. The experimental results demonstrated that the textured BNKT ceramics exhibited improved electrical properties and achieved expected values at x = 0.15: the highest density ρ of 6.19 g/cm3 (relative density of 98% of the theoretical), dielectric constant emax of 6680, high remnant polarization (Pr) of 16 μC/cm2, low coercive field (Ec) of 25 kV/cm, er = 1323, tanδ = 0.045, Lotgering factors (f) of 0.73, and energy-storage density of 0.12 J/cm3 at 46.3 kV/cm.