Abstract
Electrospinning is always used to fabricate one-dimensional nanofibers. Cylindrical fibers are formed during the spinning process due to the minimal-surface principle. However, when the moving jet has high rigidity, which can counteract the surface tension for a minimal surface, beltlike fibers can be obtained. Using the Hall–Petch effect, the rigidity of the moving jet can be greatly enhanced by adding nanoparticles. Polyethylene glycol with a nanometric crystallite size of 4 nm and ZrO2 nanoparticles are used as additives in the experiment, a theoretical analysis is carried out, and the theoretical predictions are verified experimentally.
Highlights
Electrospinning [1,2,3] has been widely used to fabricate one-dimensional fibers, though some special morphologies can be obtained, for example, micro-/nanoparticles, unsmooth fibers, porous fibers, and beaded fibers [4]
Liu et al [18] obtained FeVO4 nanobelts with a width of about 400 nm by a simple electrospinning process, followed by a calcination process, and they found that crystallite size and the surface area of FeVO4 nanobelts were distinctly affected by the calcination temperature, and FeVO4 nanobelts had excellent photocatalytic properties
In order to produce beltlike fibers, we focused on enhancing the rigidity of the moving jet in electrospinning to counteract the minimal surface by either increasing the concentration of the spun solution or adding nanoparticles
Summary
Electrospinning [1,2,3] has been widely used to fabricate one-dimensional fibers, though some special morphologies can be obtained, for example, micro-/nanoparticles, unsmooth fibers, porous fibers, and beaded fibers [4]. Liu et al [18] obtained FeVO4 nanobelts with a width of about 400 nm by a simple electrospinning process, followed by a calcination process, and they found that crystallite size and the surface area of FeVO4 nanobelts were distinctly affected by the calcination temperature, and FeVO4 nanobelts had excellent photocatalytic properties. Chen et al [19] and Huang et al [20] used ash as an additive to fabricate beltlike and crimped fibers by bubble electrospinning. The morphology of obtained fibers greatly affects their thermodynamic compatibility [7,21,22,23,24] and their filtration properties, especially for the removal of heavy-metal ions [25,26,27]. We unveil the mechanism for fabrication of beltlike fibers, and an experiment is carefully designed to verify our theoretical analysis
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