Abstract
An amperometric biosensor was fabricated by using urease enzyme, graphene oxide (GO), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and chitosan (CHIT) composite. Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was used for the electrodeposition of nanomaterials and the detection of urea. Various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, UV–visible spectroscopy, zeta-potential and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used for characterization. The biosensor showed an optimum response at pH 8.0 and 40 °C temperature. The maximum current of the proposed biosensor was due to electron generated at 0.79 V against Ag/AgCl electrode. Fabricated biosensor showed a wide linear range (0.1–1.0 mg/mL) and low limit of detection (0.9956 mg/mL) with satisfactory selectivity, sensitivity (0.00555 μA/mg/mL/cm2), and stability. It was successfully employed for detecting urea concentration in sera samples of healthy individuals and patients with kidney disorders.
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