Abstract
Herein, we report a simple and inexpensive way for the fabrication of an ultramicroelectrode and present its characterization by electrochemical techniques. The fabrication of polyaniline UME involves only two steps: modification of a gold (Au) electrode by self assembled monolayers (SAM) and then electrodeposition of polyaniline film on this thiol-coated Au electrode by using cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis methods. Two types of self-assembled monolayers (4-mercapto-1-butanol, MB, and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, MUA) were used, respectively, to see the effect of chain length on microelectrode formation. Microelectrode fabrication and utility of the surface was investigated by cyclic voltammetric measurements in a redox probe. The thus prepared polyaniline microelectrode was then used for DNA immobilization. Discrimination between double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was obtained with enhanced electrochemical signals compared to a polyaniline-coated Au electrode. Different modifications on the electrode surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Highlights
Ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs), having tip dimensions of the order of a micrometre (1 μm) and even one tenth of a μm, have been used in various voltammetric studies in the last decade
We propose for the first time a simple method for the design of polyaniline ultramicroelectrodes using electrochemical techniques
We propose a simple method for the design of polyaniline ultramicroelectrodes by using electrochemical techniques for the first time
Summary
Ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs), having tip dimensions of the order of a micrometre (1 μm) and even one tenth of a μm, have been used in various voltammetric studies in the last decade. PANI has been studied quite extensively because of its useful functions such as a well known redox activity, high conductivity and stability under ambient conditions [23,24,25] It can be formed either by chemical or electrochemical methods. DNA can be immobilized onto different platforms for the development of novel sensors by adsorption, entrapment, complexation, covalent attachment, and other methods [31,32] Electrochemical transducers such as polymer-modified electrodes can alternatively provide a suitable interface for the immobilization of DNA [33,34,35]. In this context, we propose a simple method for the design of polyaniline ultramicroelectrodes by using electrochemical techniques for the first time. Different modifications on the electrode surfaces were identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
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