Abstract
Buserite-type layered manganese oxide was prepared on Pt substrate by anodic deposition of birnessite intercalated with tetrabutyl ammonium cations and the following ion-exchange with Ni2+ ions. The resulting Ni-intercalated buserite was subjected to repetitive potential steps between +0.8 and 0.0 V in an Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. During the repetitive steps, the electrochemical activity of the film was enhanced drastically with increasing the step number and interval. This behavior was accompanied by an irreversible morphological transformation of the MnO2 film. The structure thus formed exhibited a specific capacitance of 225 F g-1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s-1 in Na2SO4 electrolyte. Furthermore, we fabricated a hybrid cell based on the optimized MnO2 film and activated carbon as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. It can be cycled reversibly in the voltage region of 0.0 to +1.8 V and exhibits an energy density of 1.1 Wh kg-1.
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