Fabrication methods of lead titanate glass ceramics and dielectric characteristics: a review

Abstract

Lead titanate (PbTiO3) glass and glass ceramics (GCs) are technologically very useful materials that played significant role in various applications due to attractive optical and electrical properties. Based on its structural comparability with the perovskite barium titanate (BaTiO3) lattice, PbTiO3 was the first reported ferroelectric material in 1950. High Curie temperature (490 °C) exhibited by PbTiO3 has led to its utilization for high-temperature applications. The high molecular mass of lead also raises the density of the material, considering its mass of 207.2 g/mol, versus 40.08 g/mol for calcium. Thus, lead-based GCs also have an advantageous use to protect from the highly penetrating X-rays, γ-rays radiations, and high energy storage in barrier layer capacitors. Dielectric behavior of the GCs mainly depends on its doping with numerous oxides such as La2O3, Bi2O3, CrO3, Nb2O5, the heat treatment processes, and their respective soaking times. Herein, we report the different methods of the synthesis of PbTiO3 glass and GCs which showed distinct optical, structural, dielectric, and mechanical properties. Moreover, this review emphases on the past and recent dielectric characteristics of the various PbTiO3 glass ceramics.