Fabrication, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Carvacrol-Loaded Zein Nanoparticles Using the pH-Driven Method.

Abstract

To reduce the application of synthetic additives in the field of food preservation, this study utilized carvacrol as an antibacterial agent, and zein and sodium caseinate as carriers, to prepare composite nanoparticles loaded with carvacrol by the pH-driven method. The composite nanoparticles of zein/sodium caseinate had an excellent encapsulation efficiency (77.96~82.19%) for carvacrol, and it had remarkable redispersibility. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the formation of the composite nanoparticles mainly depended on the hydrogen bond and the hydrophobic zone force, and thermal gravimetric analysis showed that carvacrol was loaded successfully into nanoparticles, and loading efficiency reached 24.9%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite nanoparticles were spherical, with a particle size range of 50~200 nm, and through the free radical scavenging method and the plate counting method to confirm the particle has stronger antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and with the composite nanoparticles with poly (vinyl alcohol) film applied to the preservation of banana together, it was found that PVA film containing 5 wt% CA-loaded composite NPs can significantly extend the storage period of banana. Therefore, when the composite nanoparticles were applied to food packaging, they could effectively inhibit food spoilage and lengthen the shelf life of food, which displays potential application prospects in the food industry.