Abstract
BackgroundOver the last few years, new treatments for a damaged intervertebral disc (IVD) have included strategies to repair, replace, or regenerate the degenerative disc. However, these techniques are likely to have limited success, due to insufficiently effective means to address the damaged anulus fibrosus (AF). Here, we try to develop a bioprocess method for decellularization of the xenogeneic AF tissue, with a view to developing a scaffold as a potential candidate for clinical application in spinal surgery.MethodsPorcine AFs were decellularized using freeze-thaw cycles, followed by various combined treatments with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nucleases.ResultsHematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining showed that decellularization was achieved through the decellularization protocols. Biochemical analyses revealed 86% reduction in DNA, but only 15.9% reduction in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, with no significant difference in the hydroxyproline content. There was no appreciable cytotoxicity of the acellular AF. Biomechanical testing of the acellular AF found no significant decline in stiffness or Young’s modulus.ConclusionsPorcine AF tissues were effectively decellularized with the preservation of biologic composition and mechanical properties. These results demonstrate that acellular AF scaffolds would be a potential candidate for clinical application in spinal surgery.
Highlights
As the global population ages, degenerative disc disease (DDD) and lower back pain affect millions of people worldwide
The present study aims to develop a bioprocess method for decellularization of the xenogeneic anulus fibrosus (AF) tissue and proceeds to characterize the biochemical and biomechanical properties of a natural and acellular AF scaffold
The AF samples were harvested from the intervertebral disc (IVD) by gently excising and washing in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to remove excess blood
Summary
As the global population ages, degenerative disc disease (DDD) and lower back pain affect millions of people worldwide. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is associated with the majority of cases of lower back pain, current treatment options are palliative rather than curative. To deal with DDD and damage of the anulus during discectomy, anulus fibrosus (AF) repair and reinforcement of the damaged AF, in addition to spinal surgery, are desired. Over the last few years, new treatments for a damaged intervertebral disc (IVD) have included strategies to repair, replace, or regenerate the degenerative disc. These techniques are likely to have limited success, due to insufficiently effective means to address the damaged anulus fibrosus (AF). We try to develop a bioprocess method for decellularization of the xenogeneic AF tissue, with a view to developing a scaffold as a potential candidate for clinical application in spinal surgery
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