Abstract
One type of all-solid-state chloride sensor was fabricated using a MnO2 electrode and a Ag/AgCl electrode. The potentiometric response of the sensor to chloride in synthetic concrete pore solutions was systematically studied, and the polarization performance was also evaluated. The results show a good linear relationship between the potential reading of the sensor and the logarithm of chloride activity (concentration ranges from 0.05 to 5.0 M), and the potential value remains stable with increasing immersion time. The existence of K+, Ca2+, Na+ and SO42− ions have little influence on the potentiometric response of the sensor to chloride, but the pH has a significant influence on the potential value of the sensor at low chloride concentration. The potential reading of the sensor increases linearly with the solution temperature over the range from 5 to 45 °C. Meanwhile, an excellent polarization behavior is proven by galvanostatic and potentiodynamic tests. All of the results reveal that the developed sensor has a great potential for monitoring chloride ions in concrete environments.
Highlights
Chloride-induced corrosion of the steel reinforcements has become the principal cause of premature deterioration of concretes exposed to de-icing salts or marine environments all over the World [1], and it has been estimated that these failures can account for more than 35% of the total volume of construction work in Europe
The uniformity of chloride sensor was evaluated in synthetic concrete pore solution with a chloride concentration of 0.1 M
The following conclusions can be drawn from the present investigation: (1) An all-solid-state chloride sensor was fabricated using a MnO2 electrode and a Ag/AgCl electrode, and a good linear relationship exists between the potential reading of the sensor and the logarithm of chloride activity in high-alkaline simulated concrete pore solutions
Summary
Chloride-induced corrosion of the steel reinforcements has become the principal cause of premature deterioration of concretes exposed to de-icing salts or marine environments all over the World [1], and it has been estimated that these failures can account for more than 35% of the total volume of construction work in Europe. Two types of methods have been used for such a purpose: the leaching method [3], based on the interaction of concrete with water and analysis of the leachate; the pore-pressing technique [4], based on the application of high pressure to a sample of the concrete or mortar allowing extraction of a small portion of liquid that can be analyzed. These two procedures, well-established, are both destructive and time-consuming, and require periodical sampling from the structure of concern. The use of embeddable sensors for continuous and in situ monitoring of chloride content is in its essence a much more straightforward procedure
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