Abstract
The piezoelectric effect of biological piezoelectric materials promotes bone growth. However, the material should be subjected to stress before it can produce an electric charge that promotes bone repair and reconstruction conducive to fracture healing. A novel method for in vitro experimentation of biological piezoelectric materials with physiological load is presented. A dynamic loading device that can simulate the force of human motion and provide periodic load to piezoelectric materials when co-cultured with cells was designed to obtain a realistic expression of piezoelectric effect on bone repair. Hydroxyapatite (HA)/barium titanate (BaTiO3) composite materials were fabricated by slip casting, and their piezoelectric properties were obtained by polarization. The d33 of HA/BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics after polarization was 1.3 pC/N to 6.8 pC/N with BaTiO3 content ranging from 80% to 100%. The in vitro biological properties of piezoelectric bioceramics with and without cycle loading were investigated. When HA/BaTiO3 piezoelectric bioceramics were affected by cycle loading, the piezoelectric effect of BaTiO3 promoted the growth of osteoblasts and interaction with HA, which was better than the effect of HA alone. The best biocompatibility and bone-inducing activity were demonstrated by the 10%HA/90%BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics.
Highlights
In vitro cell experiment found that the introduction of piezoelectric phase could promote the adhesion and proliferation of mouse fibroblast L929 and human osteoblast SaOS223
A dynamic loading device for piezoelectric bioceramics based on the human activity cycle was designed; this device can mimic human motion to a given physiological loading to materials periodically when co-cultured with cells and can express the influence of the piezoelectric effect for bone repair accurately
BaTiO3 with piezoelectric effect was introduced into HA
Summary
In vitro cell experiment found that the introduction of piezoelectric phase could promote the adhesion and proliferation of mouse fibroblast L929 and human osteoblast SaOS223. In vitro experiments showed that composites had no cytotoxicity and had good biological activity All these studies and findings show that the introduction of piezoelectric materials can induce bone growth[25,26,27]. Biological experiments have not considered how the growth of bone cell is promoted by the effect of piezoelectric material with physiological loading (cycle loading). A dynamic loading device for piezoelectric bioceramics based on the human activity cycle was designed; this device can mimic human motion to a given physiological loading to materials periodically when co-cultured with cells and can express the influence of the piezoelectric effect for bone repair accurately. During simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion and co-culture with cells, physiological loading was applied on the surface of HA/BaTiO3 composites quantitatively and periodically. The deposition of HA and the adhesion of osteoblasts on the surface of composites with and without cycle loading were observed, and the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts were characterized
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