Abstract
We report heating rate measurements in a microfabricated gold-on-sapphire surface electrode ion trap with a trapping height of approximately 240 μm. Using the Doppler recooling method, we characterize the trap heating rates over an extended region of the trap. The noise spectral density of the trap falls in the range of noise spectra reported in ion traps at room temperature. We find that during the first months of operation, the heating rates increase by approximately one order of magnitude. The increase in heating rates is largest in the ion-loading region of the trap, providing a strong hint that surface contamination plays a major role for excessive heating rates. We discuss data found in the literature and the possible relation of anomalous heating to sources of noise and dissipation in other systems, namely impurity atoms adsorbed onto metal surfaces and amorphous dielectrics.
Highlights
Measurement of weak forces [21]
We describe a simple method for the fabrication of planar traps and measure their heating rates using the Doppler recooling method [41]
We have described a modification of the Doppler recooling method for heating rate measurements and used the method to measure heating rates of one gold-on-sapphire planar trap
Summary
Measurement of weak forces (e.g. gravitation) [21]. charge noise limits the performance of nanoelectronic and quantum electronic devices, such as single electron transistors [22], Josephson qubits [23], superconducting coplanar resonators [24]–[26] and quantum dots [27, 28]. In measurements of non-contact friction using metalized atomic force microscope cantilevers close to metal surfaces, dissipation 9 to 11 orders of magnitude higher than expected for clean metal surfaces is observed [35]–[37], albeit at a different frequency and distance regime than those accessible with ion traps. We estimate the density of electrical dipole sources on a trap electrode surface that would give rise to heating rates reported in the literature In this context, we discuss the possible relevance of impurity atoms adsorbed onto trap electrodes and tunneling TLSs to anomalous heating in ion traps. Our model explains why no ‘anomalous’ heating effects are observed in magnetic atom traps
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