Abstract
Using Ti and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) pow-ders, Ti-Ca-P composites which contained 0 - 30 vol.% BCP powders initially, were fabricated by vac-uum sintering at two different sintering temperatures, 1300°C and 1400°C. Detailed microstructural char-acteristics of the resulting composites were investi-gated. Mechanical properties like compressive strength, Vickers hardness were evaluated and they showed decreasing trend with the increasing initial BCP content. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles revealed that extensive chemical reaction occurred and the initial BCP was degraded and formed CaO, TiO2, TiP, CaTiO3. However, the cell viability by MTT assay and cell proliferation behavior through one cell morphology analysis showed excellent in-creasing trend in biocompatibility which makes this materials suitable for hard tissue aid material.And the composite containing 30 vol.% BCP content with Ti sintered at 1400°C showed excellent biocompati-bility with the Vickers Hardness value 108.8 HV and the compressive strength value 303.7 MPa.
Highlights
Biocompatible metals such as Ti and its alloys, Co-Cr alloys are still the most preferred implant materials for applications that require load bearing conditions, whether it is in dense form or porous
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of sintered composites body had shown in Fig.1, as the amount of initial biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) in composites increases so does the porosity in the composites
From the SEM images, we could see that the titanium surface was barely visible except for the polished surface
Summary
Biocompatible metals such as Ti and its alloys, Co-Cr alloys are still the most preferred implant materials for applications that require load bearing conditions, whether it is in dense form or porous. The mechanical properties of titanium and its alloys are good enough for load-bearing implants, but their biocompatibility is much lower than that of calcium phosphate ceramics [1,2]. The implantation of metal in place of the damaged bone can cause the stress shielding effect, due to the dissimilarity of elastic modulus between bone and the implant materials, which weakens new bone formation and causes severe damages to the whole bone structure in the long run. The stress shielding effect depends on the difference between the stiffness of the shaft component and the stiffness of the bone. This only can be avoided by matching the elastic modulus of the implant and bone closely. The problems with titanium metals are obvious and only could be addressed with a systemic approach to incorporate features to improve the biocompatibility and modify the mechanical properties
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