Fabrication and characterization of synthesized hydroxyapatite/ethanolamine for bone tissue engineering application

Abstract

With advances in thermal science, one of the research interests is to develop biomedical liquid-flow devices. In the field of dental implant surgery, the application of hydroxyapatite-coated metallic implants has been investigated to a great extent. In this research, hydroxyapatite (HA) was reinforced with ethanolamine to enhance HA's physical properties. Afterward, Titanium dioxide was ball-milled along with reinforced-hydroxyapatite to make the HA-TiO2 composite. Characterization tests such as XRD-XRF, FTIR, FESEM, and TEM were done and verified the composition. Moreover, heat transfer of HA-TiO2 was investigated at different volume fractions (0.2–1.0 vol%) and various temperatures (20–50 °C). Finally, a model of artificial neural network (ANN) was trained and presented to forecast the heat transfer in water-based and SBF-based nanofluids. Heat transfer enhancement for HA30%-Titanium Dioxide/Water (at 1.0 vol% and 50 °C) was 9.665%, and for HA30%-Titanium Dioxide/SBF was 9.196% comparing with base fluid. Also, the Orthogonal Distance Regression (ODR) algorithm in ANN modeling, in comparison with ODR in Levenberg Marquardt, displayed an error decrement of 0.6456961% in the water-based Hybrid Nanofluid (HN) and 0.0000607% in the SBF-based HN, respectively. This research proves that HA. Ethanolamine-TiO2 composite can be used as a dental implant with acceptable heat transfer and physical properties.