Abstract
Composite nanofibers of biopolymers and inorganic materials have been widely explored as tissue engineering scaffolds because of their superior structural, mechanical and biological properties. In this study, magnesium ferrite (Mg-ferrite) based composite nanofibers were synthesized using an electrospinning technique. Mg-ferrite nanoparticles were first synthesized using the reverse micelle method, and then blended in a mixture of polycaprolactone (PCL), a synthetic polymer, and Aloe vera, a natural polymer, to create magnetic nanofibers by electrospinning. The morphology, structural and magnetic properties, and cellular compatibility of the magnetic nanofibers were analyzed. Mg-ferrite/PCL/Aloe vera nanofibers showed good uniformity in fiber morphology, retained their structural integrity, and displayed magnetic strength. Experimental results, using cell viability assay and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that magnetic nanofibers supported 3T3 cell viability. We believe that the new composite nanofibrous membranes developed in this study have the ability to mimic the physical structure and function of tissue extracellular matrix, as well as provide the magnetic and soluble metal ion attributes in the scaffolds with enhanced cell attachment, and thus improve tissue regeneration.
Highlights
Electrospinning technique is an increasingly popular option for creating engineered composite nanofibers out of variety of different polymers and metal–ceramics particles for tissue engineering scaffold design
When X-rays interact with atoms of a crystalline, the electron cloud moves, creating waves that result in Bragg diffraction
The wave patterns created by the movement of the electron cloud can be recorded as electron diffraction patterns [31]
Summary
Electrospinning technique is an increasingly popular option for creating engineered composite nanofibers out of variety of different polymers and metal–ceramics particles for tissue engineering scaffold design. Nanofibers in a scaffold offer guidance cues that result in cell outgrowth, such as neurite and muscle bundles, in the direction of the nanofibers [3,4]. This is possibly due to favorable interactions between cell filopodia and nanofibers, which are similar in diameter [5]. The proper selection of scaffold materials is a key factor to determine the efficacy of nanofibers in specific tissue engineering applications. The material degradation rate, mechanical properties, and ability to guide cells to regenerate tissues are important properties for the polymers chosen [6,7]
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