Abstract
In the present study, we have described the synthesis of acid functionalized graphene (GE) which was grafted to chitosan (CH) by first reacting the oxidized GE with thionyl chloride to form acyl-chlorinated GE. This product was subsequently dispersed in chitosan and covalently grafted to form GE-chitosan. GE-chitosan was further grafted onto poly(anthranilic acid) (PAA) by free radical polymerization conditions, to yield GE-g-chitosan-g-PAA for our investigations. The structure of GE-CH-PAA composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), cyclovoltammetrie (CV) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD report suggested the strongly crystalline character of the specimen prepared. The performance of cycle voltammeter was attributed to the GE-CH-PAA, which provided a large number of active sites and good electrical conductivity. Experimental results suggested that nanocomposites could be combined together for industrial applications.
Highlights
Graphite is a 2-dimensional carbon material which is naturally abundant
The CH-poly(anthranilic acid) (PAA) showed a crystalline area in the region of 2θ = 23 ̊, 40 ̊, 52 ̊, 61 ̊, 73 ̊ due to the grafting of PAA onto the chitosan backbone, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the chitosan showed crystalline pattern
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image shown in Figure 4(b) demonstrates the information about homogeneity and the excellent dispersion of GE in chitosan-PAA matrix
Summary
Graphite is a 2-dimensional carbon material which is naturally abundant. In graphite, sp hybridized carbons are covalently bonded in hexagonal manner forming individual sheets called “grapheme” and these sheets are bound together by van der Waals forces. Expansion of layer spacing takes place via heat treatment [7]-[10] or alternatively, by exposure to microwave radiation followed by mechanical grinding [10][12] These expanded graphite platelets can be incorporated into polymers via solvent mixing [13]-[16], in-situ polymerization [17]-[20], or coating onto polymer particles followed by melt processing [21]. It is attractive due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity and exhibits excellent film-forming ability It can be used as a modifier due to the abundance of -NH2 and -OH functional groups which renders it ideal for a variety of chemical modifications. The GE-chitosan-PAA nanocomposite is found to exhibit improved capacitance suitable for charge storage applications.
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