Fabrication and Characterization of Cross-linked Polybenzimidazole Based Membranes for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

Abstract

In this study different types of crosslinked polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes were compared as high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC). Cross-linking of PBI was performed with different cross-linkers including bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), α-α’-dibromo-p-xylene (DBpX), and terephthalaldehyde (TPA). The crosslinked membranes have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, acid uptake and impedance analyses. The crosslinking of the PBI polymer matrix helps to improve the acid retention properties. PBI/BADGE presented the highest acid retention properties. Proton conductivities of the membranes were comparable to that of commercial membranes. Conductivity values up to 0.151S.cm−1 were obtained at 180°C with PBI/DBpX membranes. Gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) were fabricated by an ultrasonic coating technique with 0.6mg Pt.cm−2 catalyst loading for both anode and cathode. The crosslinked membranes were tested in a single HT-PEMFC with a 5cm2 active area at 165°C without humidification. PBI/BADGE crosslinked membranes demonstrated stability and high performance on single cell HT-PEMFC tests. The maximum power density for PBI/BADGE was determined as 0.123W.cm−2. As a result, the experimental results suggested that the PBI/BADGE and PBI/DBpX cross-linked membranes are promising electrolyte options for HT-PEMFC.