Abstract
In this paper, we report fabrication of a copper-exchanged optical planar waveguide in BK7 glass by using ion exchange with ZnCl2+Cu2Cl2 as ion source. The measured loss of the fabricated waveguides was as low as about 0.36 db/cm. The waveguides can hold 2 – 4 modes with 5to 30-minute exchange and 1 mode with 2or 3-minute exchanges. The effective refractive index of each mode was determined by using the m-line test system at a wavelength of 0.65 μm. In addition, the cubic spline function interpolation method was employed to recover the gradient refractive index profiles of the copper-containing waveguides. The study on the annealing process for copper-exchanged waveguide is also discussed.
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