Abstract
In the field of bone tissue, maintaining adequate mechanical strength and tissue volume is an important part. Recently, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) was fabricated to solve the shortcomings of hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and it is widely studied in the field of bone-tissue engineering. In this study, a composite hydrogel was fabricated by applying BCP to gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). It was tested by using a mechanical tester, to characterize the mechanical properties of the prepared composite hydrogel. The fabricated BCP was analyzed through FTIR and XRD. As a result, a different characteristic pattern from hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was observed, and it was confirmed that it was successfully bound to the hydrogel. Then, the proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts were checked to evaluate cell viability. The analysis results showed high cell viability and relatively high bone differentiation ability in the composite hydrogel to which BCP was applied. These features have been shown to be beneficial for bone regeneration by maintaining the volume and shape of the hydrogel. In addition, hydrogels can be advantageous for clinical use, as they can shape the structure of the material for custom applications.
Highlights
The most common method for repairing damaged bone tissue is to implant bone-graft material directly into the defect
All materials used in the synthesis of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) (Type A gelatin, Methacrylic anhydride (MA), dialysis tubing, high-retention seamless cellulose tubing (12–14 kDA MWCO, 40 mm diameter), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) Dialysis tubing closures), fabrication of hydrogel (Triethanolamine (TEA), Eosin Y disodium salt, N-Vinylcaprolactam (VC)), fabrication of biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles (BCP-NP) (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3 )2 ·4H2 O, and ammonium phosphate dibasic ((NH4 )2HPO4 ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
Derivatization by methacryloyl reaction was confirmed in the GelMA
Summary
The most common method for repairing damaged bone tissue is to implant bone-graft material directly into the defect. Available bone-graft materials are often provided in powder form. These powdered implants are mixed with saline or blood, to maintain their shape. In the case of large defects, it is difficult to maintain the shape, due to weak adhesion by blood or saline solution. In these situations, auxiliary materials such as metal (titanium, magnesium, etc.) mesh are used to maintain shape. The natural hydrogel-based membrane is in the spotlight, as an alternative for the delivery of various controlled substances in vivo due to micro-level control, increase in mechanical properties, Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 617.
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