Fabrication and Characterization of Betamethasone-loaded Oral Thin Films as a Novel Drug Delivery Platform for Oral Lichen Planus and Recurrent Mouth Ulcers

In the last few decades, the development and use of thin films and nanostructured materials to enhance physical and chemical properties of materials has been common practice in the field of materials science and engineering. The progress which has recently been made in tailoring the unique properties of thin films and nanostructured materials, such as a high surface area to volume ratio, surface charge, structure, anisotropic nature, and tunable functionalities, allow expanding the range of their possible applications from mechanical, structural, and protective coatings to electronics, energy storage systems, sensing, optoelectronics, catalysis, and biomedicine. Recent advances have also focused on the importance of electrochemistry in the fabrication and characterization of functional thin films and nanostructured materials, as well as various systems and devices based on these materials. Both cathodic and anodic processes are being extensively developed in order to elaborate new procedures and possibilities for the synthesis and characterization of thin films and nanostructured materials.

Exploring the influence of iron doping on structural, morphological and optical properties of chemical bath deposited cadmium selenide thin films for optoelectronic applications

Fabrication and characterization of thin 116Cd target films for fusion measurements

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTExperimental Techniques for the Fabrication and Characterization of Organic Thin Films for Field-Effect TransistorsYugeng Wen, Yunqi Liu*, Yunlong Guo, Gui Yu, and Wenping HuView Author Information Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 5, 3358–3406Publication Date (Web):March 14, 2011Publication History Received19 June 2010Published online14 March 2011Published inissue 11 May 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/cr1001904Copyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views12542Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (35 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Electrodes,Hydrocarbons,Layers,Thin films Get e-Alerts

Cerium oxides are of interest in many applications including optical coatings, solid-state fuel cells, and catalyst supports. Due to excellent absorption in ultraviolet (UV), these materials are also widely used as UV blocking layers in medical glassware and aerospace windows. In this paper, we present the fabrication and characterization of cerium oxide thin films and their potential application in UV sensing. Cerium oxides were deposited by reactive oxygen ion beam assisted e-beam evaporation. Comparing with the films obtained without ion assistance, oxygen plasma assisted deposition enhances refractive index from ~ 1.8 to ~ 2.2 and improves electrical resistivity from ~ 10⁶ Ωcm to ~ 10¹⁰ Ωcm. More importantly, the film deposited with ion assistance shows stronger blue to UV absorption observed from the transmittance spectra, which presumably is better for UV sensing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements further suggest insights in stoichiometry and crystal structures. A concept-proving photodiode was fabricated by employing a p⁺-Si/CeO₂/n-In₂O₃ heterostructure. The current-voltage characteristics exhibit obvious diode-like behavior with a current rectification ratio of ~ 10⁵. A low leakage current in a range of 10^-10 ~ 10^-8 A was achieved at reverse biases of 0 to 10 V, respectively. The diode demonstrates high photocurrent gain of ~ 100 times and fast photoresponse under a 405 nm UV exposure.

Article Fabrication and Characterization of Nickel Titanium Shape memory Thin Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering for MEMS Applications was published on December 1, 2002 in the journal International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation (volume 3, issue 3-4).

The last few decades have seen a drastic miniaturization of electronic devices following the famous Moore’s law predicted by Gordan Moore in 1971. These developments in the electronic industry have resulted in ultra-low-weight electronic devices such as palm-top computers, smart phones, tablet PCs etc. Batteries constitute one of the most important and essential components of these devices. At present, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are considered the most suitable candidateforuseinportableelectronicdevices.However,thesebatteriesare available only in the bulk form and comprise a significant percentage of the overall weight of the device. As the miniaturization of electronic devices continues, we need more advanced batteries which are light weight, safe, and environment friendly. One possible solution is the development of thin film batteries (TFBs) which can be integrated onto the microprocessor chips themselves. For these applications, we would require solid-state (SS) electrolyte. Currently, a major obstacle in this field is the low ionic conductivity of SS electrolytes and high temperature needed to fabricate thin films of these materials. As far as the research in SS electrolyte materials is concerned, many different kinds of inorganic systems have been explored to date. These include Nasicon-type electrolytes, 1‐4 perovskite-type lithium lanthanum tantantes, 5,6 and garnet-type Li ion conductors. 7,8 Among all of them, garnet type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), synthesized lately by Weppner’s group 9 has been reported to possess very high ionic conductivity. What’s more, LLZO is electrochemically stable with a potential window wider than 0‐7 V, is environment friendly, and is relatively inexpensive. 9‐11 However, to our knowledge, LLZO has so far been synthesized in bulk form only; no work has been reported on the preparation of LLZO thin films. For realizing thin film batteries, it is essential to be able to grow thin films of solid electrolytes and preferably at low temperatures. In this paper, we are reporting the fabrication of LLZO thin films on SrTiO3 (100) and Sapphire (0001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature. The effect of annealing was investigated by detailed characterization of thin film structures and properties. Studies were also performed to understand the influence of lithium loss during the deposition process.

Ba2NaNb5O15(BNN) thin films were prepared on Pt substrates by pulsed laser ablation method. We investigated laser energy density and O2 gas pressure effects on fabrication of BNN thin films in order to obtain good crystallinity and ferroelectric properties. The characterization of thin films were carried out by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA) and observation of ferroelectric hysteresis loops. Crystallinity and chemical composition of BNN this films were improved with increasing the laser energy density. Thin films of BNN deposited at the laser energy density of 5.0 J/cm2 and O2 gas pressure of 0.1 Torr showed a good ferroelectric D–E hysteresis loop with Pr = 0.8 μC/cm2 and Ec = 24 k/Vcm at room temperature.

Preface. List of Participants. I: Fundamentals on Ferroelectrics Piezoelectrics and Relaxors. Piezo-, pyro-, and ferroelectricity in biological materials V.V. Lemanov. Piezo-, pyro- and ferroelectric polymers S. Bauer, et al. The kinetic and scattering of nonequilibrium phonons by domain walls and grain boundaries in monocrystal and ceramics of BaTiO3 S.N. Ivanov, et al. Ferroelectrics with periodically layered domain structure: computer simulation of acoustical properties A.N. Podlipenets, L.P. Zinchuk. Structure and properties of novel Pb (B, 1/2 Nb 1/2)O3-PbTiO3 binary systems with high piezoelectric coupling A. Sternberg, et al. Nano-size ferroelectric structures M. Alexe, et al. Influence of Bi and Y additions on the electromechanical anisotropy of lead titanate ceramics L. Amarande, et al. Bi4Ti3O12 - Based piezoelectric ceramics for high temperature applications M. Villegas, et al. II: Powder Preparation and Processing. Influence of processing parameters on the properties of PZT materials C. Galassi, et al. Smart structures by integrated piezoelectric thin fibers D. Sporn, et al. Hydrothermal synthesis and processing of undoped and doped BaTiO3 fine particles J. Yang, J.M.F. Ferreira. Chemical processing of PbTiO3/Organic hybrid and Pb (Zr, Ti)O3 thick films S. Hirano, et al. Preparation and characterization of thick piezoelectric films on alumina substrates P. Gonnard, et al. III: Microstructural and Piezoelectric Characterisation. Nonlinear piezoelectric response in ferroelectric ceramics D. Damjanovic. Influence of microstructure on microscopic and macroscopic strain behavior of soft PZT ceramics M. Hammer, et al. The effect of static compressive stress on the high field dielectric properties of hard PZT ceramics D.A. Hall, et al. Stress dependence of the piezoelectric, dielectric and elastic properties of PZT ceramics S.W. Mahon, et al. Switching of ferroelectric nanostructures C. Harnagea, et al. Measurement and simulation of the electromechanical behaviour of piezoelectric stack transducers H. Janoch, B. Clephas. 0.9PMN-0.1PT ceramics: from electromechanical properties to applications via nanostructural characterization M. Lejeune, et al. Solid-state 25Mg, 45Sc and 93Nb MAS NMR studies: local B-site chemical environments and ordering in Pb)Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) and related relaxor ferroelectrics J.J. Fitzgerald, et al. Piezoelectric properties of proton-exchanged optical waveguides D. Cyplis, R. Rimeika. A novel tool for experimental analysis of surface phenomena V.I. Anisimkin, et al. The influence of the material constants and mass-loading on coupling coefficient of monolithic filters I. Mateescu, G. Pop. IV: Processing and Characterisation of Films. Thick and composite piezoelectric coatings for biomedical and high temperature ultrasound M. Sayer, et al. Pulsed-laser deposition and characterization of thin films D. Bauerle, et al. Correlated compositional, morphological and electrical characterization of PLD piezoelectric thin films F. Craciun, et al. Piezoelectric thin films for high frequency electroacoustic devices P. Verardi. Photoelectric and dielectric spectroscopy study of PZT thin film electronic structure V.K. Yarmarkin. The influence of interface on the spontaneous polarisation in PbTiO3 thin films deposited o

Electrochemistry can be used for fabrication and characterization of mesoporous oxide films. First, this review provides insight into the methods used to prepare templated mesoporous thin films on an electrode surface, i.e., evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) and electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA). Electrochemical characterization of mass transport processes in pure and organically functionalized mesoporous oxide films is then discussed. The electrochemical response can be basically restricted by the electron/mass transfer reaction at the electrode-film interface and diffusion through mesopore channels. The contributions of cyclic voltammetry, hydrodynamic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electrochemical microscopy to the characterization of films with distinct mesostructures are finally described, with special emphasis on identification of conditions that can affect the electrochemical response recorded with such modified electrodes.

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin which is found in the fungus cell walls and crustacean shells. Chitosan has generated a great interest in piezoelectric application because of its interesting properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. The purpose of this study is to focus on the cultivation, fabrication and characterization of chitosan thin film from fungal strain, Aspergillus oryzae cell walls. The fungi was cultivated in bioreactor. Fabrication of chitosan thin film via solvent casting method was optimized via one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) with 2 parameters (drop-casting volume of solution and drying temperature). Pure chitosan dissolved in formic acid at 0.25 M concentration, dried at 60°C with 35 mL of solution volume gave the highest mechanical quality factor (3.22) and the lowest dissipation factor (0.327) for thin film fabrication. The optimized fabricate thin film was validated using fungal chitosan and shows the results of mechanical quality factor (3.68) and dissipation factor (0.248) which is comparable to conventional piezopolymer thin film. Therefore, fungal chitosan thin film obtained in this study has the potential to be used in piezoelectric application.

We demonstrate the fabrication and nonlinear optical (NLO) characterization of chalcogenide glass thin films obtained from the solution phase driven approach. The characterization of the films was ahieved using FESEM, AFM, micro-Raman, FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, optical profilometry and XRD. The NLO studies were performed on the solution driven and thermally deposited As2S3 films with [Formula: see text]2[Formula: see text]ps, 800[Formula: see text]nm laser pulses using the Z-scan technique. The results obtained from AFM measurements demonstrated that the surface roughness of the film was considerably low ([Formula: see text]2[Formula: see text]nm) and Z-scan data indicated that the nonlinear refractive index was in the 1.0–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2/W range.

A novel sol–gel technique using the PTA (peroxo titanic acid) sol as precursor for the fabrication of TiO2 photocatalytic thin film is introduced in this paper. The peroxo titanic acid sol was synthesized from titanyl sulfate (TiOSO4), ammonia and peroxide solution (H2O2). The transparent and porous TiO2 thin film was prepared via a sol–gel technique using PTA sol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as precursor and template, respectively. The TiO2 thin film samples were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) technique. The PTA sol displayed amorphous TiO2 below 100 °C. The anatase phase formed at 200 °C to 700 °C. The crystallinity of anatase phase was improved with increasing temperature. The anatase crystals on the surface of TiO2 film were strip-like, the size being about 100 nm in length and 40 nm in diameter. Addition of PEG to the PTA sol developed porous structures in the film and changed the size and shape of the particles. The surface of the film contained Ti, O and C elements and Na element that diffused into the film from the glass substrate. The photocatalytic performance of TiO2 film was tested for the degradation of 10 mg/L methyl orange. The degradation of methyl orange solution reached 98.9% after irradiated for 180 min under UV light. The porous TiO2 thin film exhibited high photocatalytic activity towards degrading methyl orange.

An insoluble thin film of a coronene diimide (CDI) derivative was fabricated from a soluble precursor of perylene diimide (PDI) by photoirradiation. We prepared a 1,7-diarylated PDI (TP-PDI) that can be converted into a coronene diimide (TP-CDI) derivative via a Scholl-type photocyclization reaction. This reaction was accompanied by structural changes from a twisted structure to a π-extended planar molecule. It was found that this photoconversion reaction occurs for both solution-based and thin-film-based reactants investigated by the changes of UV-vis absorption spectra and 1 H NMR spectra. The photocyclization reactions were found to proceed smoothly in polar solvents. In the thin-film state, the solvent vapor annealing method is a key process for achieving photoconversion reaction. Additionally, the fabrication of multi-layered thin films was achieved without undesirable dissolution of the underlying layers because of different solubilities of TP-PDI and TP-CDI.

This paper reports on the fabrication of good quality Al2O3 thin films on flexible substrates including polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polyamide at different temperatures down to 50 °C under very short water purging steps of 10 s. Al2O3 films with appreciable growth rates having good morphological, chemical, electrical and optical characteristics have been produced. Growth rates of 1.16, 1.14 and 1.15 A/cycle have been observed at 50 °C for PET, PEN and polyamide substrates respectively. The surface morphology has been improved with the increase in deposition temperature. Low average arithmetic roughness of 0.88 and 0.78 nm have been recorded for the Al2O3 films deposited at 150 °C on PEN and polyamide respectively. The XPS analysis confirmed the fabrication of Al2O3 films without any carbon contamination and Al 2p, Al 2s and O 1s peaks were appeared at binding energies of 74, 119 and 531 eV, respectively. Excellent insulating properties were observed for the Al2O3 films and optical transmittance of more than 85 % was recorded in the visible region. The experimental results suggest that polymeric materials are excellent candidates to be used as substrates in the fabrication of Al2O3 thin films through atomic layer deposition.