Abstract
This study was aimed at fabricating and evaluating the physical and bioproperties of nanofast cement (NFC) as a replacement of the MTA. The cement particles were decreased in nanoscale, and zirconium oxide was used as a radiopacifier. The setting time and radiopacity were investigated according to ISO recommendations. Analysis of color, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity was performed using spectroscopy, simulated body fluid (SBF), and MTT assay. The setting time of cement pastes significantly dropped from 65 to 15 min when the particle sizes decreased from 2723 nm to 322 nm. Nanoparticles provide large surface areas and nucleation sites and thereby a higher hydration rate, so they reduced the setting time. Based on the resulting spectroscopy, the specimens did not exhibit clinically noticeable discoloration. Resistance to discoloration may be due to the resistance of zirconium oxide to decomposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) examinations of the immersed SBF samples showed apatite formation that was a reason for its suitable bioactivity. The results of cell culture revealed that NFC is nontoxic. This study showed that NFC was more beneficial than MTA in dental restorations.
Highlights
Calcium silicate-based cement named MTA was first developed as a root-end filling material, because of its clinical characteristics like bioactivity, biocompatibility, low solubility, adaptation to tooth structures, dimensional stability, and sealing ability [1,2,3]
The cement powder used in this study mainly consists of dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate (Sanat Avaran Vista, Iran), and zirconia that was used as a radiopacifier
The results indicated that the prime powders consist of dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium silicate (C3S), and zirconia (ZrO2)
Summary
Calcium silicate-based cement named MTA was first developed as a root-end filling material, because of its clinical characteristics like bioactivity, biocompatibility, low solubility, adaptation to tooth structures, dimensional stability, and sealing ability [1,2,3]. MTA mainly consisted of dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and a small amount of bismuth oxide that has been added for radiopacity purposes The limitations, such as poor handling quality, low strength, long setting time, discoloration, and considerable expense, make its use a restoration material complicated [4, 5]. Several groups have made changes in the formulations of both the solid and liquid phases of MTA cement by adding calcium chloride, potassium chloride, or calcium formate to accelerate the setting time [9, 10] Using these solutions as the hydration accelerant may enhance the biocompatibility but not compromise MTA’s antibacterial and mechanical properties
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