Fabrication and characterization of a diluted magnetic semiconducting TM co-doped Al:ZnO (TM = Co, Ni) thin films by sol–gel spin coating method

Abstract

Effect of transition metal oxides (TM=Co and Ni) co-doping on the crystallinity, surface morphology, grain growth and magnetic properties of nanostructure Al:ZnO thin films has been studied for diluted magnetic semiconductor applications. Al:ZnO thin films were fabricated by sol–gel spin coating on p-type Si (100) substrates. Fabrication of hexagonal wurtzite TM co-doped Al:ZnO thin films having thickness 2μm was successfully achieved. The Raman spectra of the TM co-doped Al:ZnO thin films showed a broad vibrational mode in the range 520–540cm−1 due to crystal defects created co-doping elements in the ZnO host lattice. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the films are composed of uniform size, polycrystalline dense ZnO particles with defect free, smooth surfaces. The surface roughness was further verified with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis (EDX) confirmed the stoichiometric compositions of the TM co-doped Al:ZnO films. The magnetic measurements exhibited that the Co, Al:ZnO and Ni, Al:ZnO thin films were ferromagnetic at room temperature.