Abstract
Microfluidics is a relatively newly emerged field based on the combined principles of physics, chemistry, biology, fluid dynamics, microelectronics, and material science. Various materials can be processed into miniaturized chips containing channels and chambers in the microscale range. A diverse repertoire of methods can be chosen to manufacture such platforms of desired size, shape, and geometry. Whether they are used alone or in combination with other devices, microfluidic chips can be employed in nanoparticle preparation, drug encapsulation, delivery, and targeting, cell analysis, diagnosis, and cell culture. This paper presents microfluidic technology in terms of the available platform materials and fabrication techniques, also focusing on the biomedical applications of these remarkable devices.
Highlights
Microfluidics evolved from the convergence of technologies and principles from several pre-existing domains, such as chemistry, physics, biology, material science, fluid dynamics, and microelectronics [1,4]
The present review aims to thoroughly describe microfluidic technologies from the perspectives of chip fabrication in terms of material and method types and the main applications of the obtained devices
Microfluidic devices allow the analysis of various samples, such as blood, saliva, or cell tissues, to provide a rapid and accurate diagnosis [81] (Figure 3)
Summary
The debut of microfluidic technologies is considered to have been taken place in the 1990s, since when it has experienced exponential growth and become a powerful tool with enormous development potential [6,7,8,9] Such miniaturized microscale devices are useful instruments for carrying out operations like reactions, separations, or the detection of various compounds [4,10]. As many manufacturing techniques have already been presented in the literature and adopted in practice [10,19,20], the potential for advances in the field of microfluidics increases abruptly, bringing new perspectives to both the academic and industrial sectors [18] This technology is promising for day-to-day applications, as several commercially available devices are already employed in pregnancy at-home-testing; virus The present review aims to thoroughly describe microfluidic technologies from the perspectives of chip fabrication in terms of material and method types and the main applications of the obtained devices
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