Abstract
Systematic investigations involving laboratory, analytical, and field trials were carried out to obtain the most efficient adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) dye from industrial effluent. Modification of the zeolite (Z) by the Acanthophora Spicifera algae (AS; marine algae) was evaluated in terms of adsorption capability of the zeolite to remove CR dye from aqueous solution. The zeolite/algae composite (ZAS) was fabricated using the wet impregnation technique. The AS, Z, and the synthesized ZAS composite were analyzed utilizing various characterization techniques. The newly synthesized ZAS composite has an adsorption capacity that is significantly higher than that of Z and AS, particularly at low CR concentrations. Batch experiments were carried out to explore the effects of different experimental factors, as well as the dye adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Owing to the presence of intermolecular interactions, the computational analysis showed that the adsorption of the CR molecule on zeolite surfaces is exothermic, energetically favorable, and spontaneous. Furthermore, growing the zeolite surface area has no discernible effect on the adsorption energies in all configurations. The ZAS composite may be used as a low-cost substitute adsorbent for the removal of anionic dyes from industrial wastewater at lower dye concentrations, according to the experimental results. Adsorption of CR dye onto Z, AS, and ZAS adsorbents was adequately explained by pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm. The sorption mechanism was also evaluated using Weber’s intra-particle diffusion module. Finally, field testing revealed that the newly synthesized adsorbent was 98.0% efficient at extracting dyes from industrial wastewater, proving the foundation of modern eco-friendly materials that aid in the reuse of industrial wastewater.
Highlights
This article is an open access articleWater is the planet’s primary source of life, as humans are well aware
Which was used as a new adsorbent for Congo red (CR) from an aqueous solution
The CR removal percent increased for all adsorbents as the initial pH of the CR solution was changed from 3 to 10, with the highest adsorption occurring at pH 7
Summary
This article is an open access articleWater is the planet’s primary source of life, as humans are well aware. Industrialization and innovation improved humanity’s way of life, they discussed the fundamental motivation to pollute clean water resources [1]. Dyes are used in a wide range of industries to color products and enhance the status of the products [8,9]. This extraordinary expansion of utilizing colors prompts water contamination in the environment [10,11]. These dyes are toxic, stable, and highly biodegradable [2,12]. Congo red (CR) is an anionic dye that was chosen as a model dye because its color is one of the first contaminants to be identified in wastewater, and the presence of even very minute levels of CR in water is highly recognizable and unacceptable because it prevents water from re-oxygenating
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