Abstract
The preparation and characterization of entire volume modified carbon ceramic electrode (CCE) produced by the sol-gel method was reported. For the first time, this type of electrode was modified using ferrierite (FER) belonging to zeolites. The morphology and topography of FER–modified CCE were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The electrochemical behavior of FER-CCE in presence of estradiol was tested via cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) procedure for determination of estradiol was developed. For the comparison the bare ceramic electrode (GP-CCE) was also prepared and investigated in analogous way. The introduction of ferrierite into carbon-ceramic matrix influenced the surface properties and analytical performance of fabricated CCE. The electrode with FER possessed better analytical properties - lower limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LOQ) in comparison to bare electrode. Additionally, the estimated linear dynamic range (LDR) showed better usability of FER-CCE for determination of lower amount of estradiol, since LDR was 0.2–30 μmol L−1 and 4–40 μmol L−1 for FER-CCE and GP-CCE, respectively. Finally, the developed FER-CCE and DPV procedure were successfully used to determine estradiol in pharmaceutical sample–Estrofem tablets.
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