Abstract
Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) is a promising synthetic material in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Particularly, the introduction of rapid prototyping (RP) represents the possibility of manufacturing PCL scaffolds with customized appearances and structures. Bio-Oss is a natural bone mineral matrix with significant osteogenic effects; however, it has limitations in being constructed and maintained into specific shapes and sites. In this study, we used RP and fabricated a hollow-structured cage-shaped PCL scaffold loaded with Bio-Oss to form a hybrid scaffold for BTE. Moreover, we adopted NaOH surface treatment to improve PCL hydrophilicity and enhance cell adhesion. The results showed that the NaOH-treated hybrid scaffold could enhance the osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, we reveal a novel hybrid scaffold that not only possesses osteoinductive function to promote bone formation but can also be fabricated into specific forms. This scaffold design may have great application potential in bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
Bone defects resulting from congenital deformity, trauma, inflammation, and tumor resection can cause patients great pain and impose a tremendous burden on health-care systems.us, bone substitutes are commonly used for bone regeneration; for example, Bio-Oss is a porous, nonantigenic, natural bone mineral matrix acquired by removing all organic components of the bovine bone, which exhibits a significant local osteogenic effect [1, 2]
Us, bone substitutes are commonly used for bone regeneration; for example, Bio-Oss is a porous, nonantigenic, natural bone mineral matrix acquired by removing all organic components of the bovine bone, which exhibits a significant local osteogenic effect [1, 2]
Various conventional techniques are involved in the scaffold manufacturing process, such as phase separation, freeze-drying, solvent casting, and gas formation. These methods only manufacture randomly formed scaffolds, with poor control of the internal architecture [4]. e introduction of rapid prototyping (RP) technology represents the possibility of producing customized scaffolds with specific 3D geometry, internal structure, and architecture
Summary
Us, bone substitutes are commonly used for bone regeneration; for example, Bio-Oss is a porous, nonantigenic, natural bone mineral matrix acquired by removing all organic components of the bovine bone, which exhibits a significant local osteogenic effect [1, 2] It can successfully maintain the shape of the defect when implanted into small-scale bone defects, but struggles on larger defective areas. Various conventional techniques are involved in the scaffold manufacturing process, such as phase separation, freeze-drying, solvent casting, and gas formation These methods only manufacture randomly formed scaffolds, with poor control of the internal architecture [4]. E introduction of rapid prototyping (RP) technology represents the possibility of producing customized scaffolds with specific 3D geometry, internal structure, and architecture Such scaffolds can be customized and adapted to complex bone defect areas [5, 6].
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