Abstract
Due to the globally identified antibiotic resistance among clinical bacteria, novel antibacterial materials are needed to circumvent drug resistance. In this study, we report a facile synthesis method for the fabrication of a uniform silver (I) oxide (Ag2O) garnished graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite (Ag2O/GO) using sonication and characterized them by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of Ag2O, GO, and Ag2O/GO nanocomposite were studied using drug resistant Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ESBL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ESBL), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus by well diffusion assay, colony forming ability, and cell membrane permeability assay. The nanocomposite (15.62−1000 μg/mL) showed excellent antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae; 62.5 μg/mL for E. coli, and 250 μg/mL for S. aureus. Biofilm inhibition assay revealed the inhibition of biofilm formation in a dose related manner. Inhibition of biofilm formation by ½ MIC and MIC of Ag2O and Ag2O/GO against four pathogenic and biofilm forming bacteria was found statistically significant as P ≤ 0.05 (at ½ MIC) and P ≤ 0.01 (at MIC). These results demonstrated that these facile nanomaterials are promising antibacterial and antibiofilm agents that can be utilized to inhibit the growth of human bacterial pathogens associated with chronic infections.
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