Fabricated approach for an effective wound dressing material based on a natural gum impregnated with Acalypha indica extract

Abstract

Although acute wounds are common, treatment for a scarless condition remains limited and ineffective as medicated dressings act only as an epidermal coverage and no interdermal interactions happen. This study examined the benefit of Acalypha indica, a traditionally acclaimed plant for wound healing, as a three-dimensional nanofibrous dressing. guar gum, a natural polysaccharide, was chosen as the raw material, in combination with a synthetic copolymer polyvinyl alcohol. A series of polymer blend nanofibers made of 3:7 of 1% wt guar and 10% wt polyvinyl alcohol along with varied ratios of A. indica were prepared using electrospinning. The effect of cross-linking by citric acid on the nanofibers was studied using Fourier transform infrared. A 5% wt A. indica content was optimized in the electrospun solution to get nanosized morphology, roughness, water absorbing capacity, thermal stability, and tensile strength. The composite material was found inhibitory to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains as measured by zone of inhibition. The ability of the dressing to support and proliferate human dermal fibroblasts was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and Calcein acetomethyl (AM) staining assay. The results confirmed that the composite dressing could support long-term cell growth in the 9-day cell culture study. The incorporation of A. indica to guar/polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofibers has thus resulted in a wound dressing material with nanosized morphology for mimicking the extracellular matrix, surface roughness for the absorbtion of proteins, swelling capacity for the absorption of exudates, antimicrobial activity for prevention of microbial infections, and cell proliferation activity for the complete wound closure. The electrospun guar/polyvinyl alcohol/ A. indica composite which proved to be a suitable dressing for acute wounds when ascertained in vitro can surely be developed as an ethical plant bioactive wound healant.