Abstract
The fetal death In Uterus is relatively a common problem in developing countries. In Africa, the rate of deaths varies from one hospital to another. We wanted to evaluate the prevalence, to describe the epidemiological aspects, etiologies and maternal prognosis associated with fetal deaths in Uterus in 2017 at Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital in Lome. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted from January 1st to December 31st, 2017. We have included all pregnant cases received and treated on the spot for in uterus deaths as defined by the World Health Organization. Medical termination of pregnancy records, intrapartum deaths, less than 22 amenorrhea weeks’ pregnancies and complications of abortion were not included. Results: The fetal death rate in uterus was 3.64%. The multigravida and multiparous were respectively 49% and 41%; the referees were 51%, 28% evacuated; 21% came on their own. The gestational age of 28 - 37 weeks was 39% and 17% had no prenatal consultation. The analysis has revealed that high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and retroplacental hematomas were the main etiologies associated with fetal deaths in uterus. Conclusion: In uterus fetal deaths remain common in our country. The main causes were hypertension disorders of pregnancy. There were also some unknown causes which could be related to economic or cultural reasons. For instance, autopsies of in uterus deaths and placental anatomopathology examination are not performed because of culture.
Highlights
The joy of a pregnancy and the expectation of a birth in a family can be turned into a nightmare, depression or sadness for the pregnant woman and the family because of fetal death in uterus
We wanted to evaluate the prevalence, to describe the epidemiological aspects, etiologies and maternal prognosis associated with fetal deaths in Uterus in 2017 at Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital in Lomé
The analysis has revealed that high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and retroplacental hematomas were the main etiologies associated with fetal deaths in uterus
Summary
The joy of a pregnancy and the expectation of a birth in a family can be turned into a nightmare, depression or sadness for the pregnant woman and the family because of fetal death in uterus. This creates a feeling of decency and guilt. The global prevalence of fetal death in uterus from 28 Weeks or fetal weight greater than 1000 g is estimated to be around 2%, with the average around 5 per 1000 births in high-income countries [1]. The percentage of fetal death in uterus is very low in high-income countries [1]. In Mali, from 1975 to 2014, the rate of fetal deaths in utero has dropped from 3% to 1.19% [5]
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