Abstract

Not all eye-tracking methodology and data processing are equal. While the use of eye-tracking is intricate because of its grounding in visual physiology, traditional 2D eye-tracking methods are supported by software, tools, and reference studies. This is not so true for eye-tracking methods applied in virtual reality (imaginary 3D environments). Previous research regarded the domain of eye-tracking in 3D virtual reality as an untamed realm with unaddressed issues. The present paper explores these issues, discusses possible solutions at a theoretical level, and offers example implementations. The paper also proposes a workflow and software architecture that encompasses an entire experimental scenario, including virtual scene preparation and operationalization of visual stimuli, experimental data collection and considerations for ambiguous visual stimuli, post-hoc data correction, data aggregation, and visualization. The paper is accompanied by examples of eye-tracking data collection and evaluation based on ongoing research of indoor evacuation behavior.

Highlights

  • Researchers are generally fond of valid, reliable measurement methods and tools that allow the capture of variables containing rich information and high interpretative value

  • The present paper explores the possible interpretative value provided by eye-tracking in combination with VR technology

  • Pre-made 3D objects, and graphics pipeline workflows [32] can be employed to create plausible virtual spatial compositions that can be supplemented with spatial data visualizations and evaluations [33,34]

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Summary

Introduction

Researchers are generally fond of valid, reliable measurement methods and tools that allow the capture of variables containing rich information and high interpretative value.

The Argument for Eye-Tracking
Eye-Tracking in VR
Current State of the Research Field
Eye-Tracking Technology Applied in VR
Levels of Interpretation
The Complex World behind the Projection
The State of Other Implementations
Implementation
The Technology That Is Available and the Technology That Is Used
The Program Architecture
Levels of Working with Eye-Tracking Data
Setting Up the 3D Environment for Eye-Tracking
Data Acquisition and Related Algorithms
Data Visualization and Related Algorithms
Discussion and Conclusions
Contributions to Eye-Tracking in VR
Future Prospects

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