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Abstract
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a well-established treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. Recent research suggested that it may be effective in treating depressive disorders as well. The present study is part of a multicenter randomized-controlled trial, the EDEN study, in which a homogenous group of 30 patients was treated to test whether EMDR plus treatment as usual (TAU) would achieve superior results compared to TAU only in a psychosomatic-psychotherapeutic inpatient treatment setting. Both groups were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Global Severity Index and depression subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised. The EMDR + TAU group improved significantly better than the TAU group on the BDI-II and Global Severity Index, while a marginally significant difference favoring the EMDR + TAU group over the TAU group was found on the depression subscale. In the EMDR + TAU group, seven out of 14 patients improved below nine points on the BDI-II, which is considered to be a full remission, while four out of 16 in the TAU group did so. These findings confirm earlier suggestions that EMDR therapy may provide additional benefit in the treatment of depression. The present study strengthens the previous literature on EMDR therapy in the treatment of depression due to the randomized-controlled design of the EDEN study.
Highlights
According to the often-considered study of the World Health Organization (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012), depressive disorders belong to the most prevalent and disabling diseases of all: At least 350 million people are affected by depressive disorders worldwide, almost one million of which commit suicide every year (Murray and Lopez, 1996; Greden, 2001).Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Versus treatment as usual (TAU) in DepressionDue to their frequency and severity, depressive disorders thereby belong to the biggest worldwide challenges of the psychiatric profession.Treatment options for depressive spectrum disorders are partially favorable, and partially problematic
The greatest treatment success was shown in a study with predominantly severe depression (Fournier et al, 2010), wherein antidepressant treatment was often associated with side effects
We proposed the following hypotheses: (1) EMDR therapy produces an additional benefit over treatment as usual in the treatment of patients with acute depressive episodes
Summary
According to the often-considered study of the World Health Organization (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012), depressive disorders belong to the most prevalent and disabling diseases of all: At least 350 million people are affected by depressive disorders worldwide, almost one million of which commit suicide every year (Murray and Lopez, 1996; Greden, 2001).EMDR Versus TAU in DepressionDue to their frequency and severity, depressive disorders thereby belong to the biggest worldwide challenges of the psychiatric profession.Treatment options for depressive spectrum disorders are partially favorable, and partially problematic. Pharmacological as well as psychotherapeutic treatment approaches are available, incomplete remission and high longterm relapse rates remain for many patients. The available pharmacological treatments for depressive disorders are associated with several issues. These treatments improved in the last 20 years, the optimism associated especially with recent antidepressants like the SSRI class (e.g., Fluoxetine) has faded due to meta-analyses on antidepressant pharmacotherapy showing only a slight advantage over placebo. Depressive symptoms remaining after treatment and the degree of treatment resistance relating to the previous depressive episode are considered risk factors for a relapse (Reid and Barbui, 2010). The current treatment effects and especially the high relapse rates in acute depressive episodes are unsatisfactory. Adjunctive psychotherapeutic treatment has been found to reduce the risk of relapse by 22% when compared with pharmacological antidepressant treatment alone (Vittengl et al, 2007)
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