Abstract
Peat is a highly contentious input in agriculture. Replacing or reducing peat by substitution with lignocellulosic biomass processed into fibre by twin-screw-extrusion could contribute to more sustainable agriculture with regard to horticultural production. Therefore, plant wastes including pruning from Olea europaea L. and Vitis spp. L., residues from perennial herbs like Salvia spp. L., Populus spp. L. and forest biomass were processed to fibre for peat replacement with a biomass extruder. The water-holding-capacity (WHC), particle-size-distribution and other physical fibre characteristics were determined and compared to peat. The specific energy demand during extrusion was measured for aperture settings from 6–40 mm. No fibre reached the 82% WHC of peat. At the setting of 20 mm of all materials investigated, Salvia performed best with a WHC of 53% and moderate specific energy demand (167 kWh tDM−1) followed by Olea europaea with a WHC of 43% and a low energy demand (93 kWh tDM−1). For Populus, opening the aperture from 20–40 mm decreased energy demand by 41% and WHC by 27%. The drying of biomass for storage and remoistening during extrusion increased the specific energy demand. Despite a lower WHC than peat, all investigated materials are suitable to replace peat in growing media regarding their physical properties.
Highlights
Using extracted peat from bogs as a growing media is a very contentious input in horticulture
The production and use of defibrated lignocellulosic biomass as a substitute can be a solution to reduce the extraction of peat for growing media from peatlands
The lowest specific energy demand was calculated for olive (93 kWh tDM −1 ) which was less than half of poplar
Summary
Using extracted peat from bogs as a growing media is a very contentious input in horticulture. The production and use of defibrated lignocellulosic biomass as a substitute can be a solution to reduce the extraction of peat for growing media from peatlands. Approximately 40 million m3 of peat are used annually as raw material for horticultural growing media [4]. Even partly replacing this can have a significant impact on peat extraction, usage and the related greenhouse gas emissions. Both science and industry are currently involved in the extensive manufacturing of peat reduced products
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