Abstract
Mesoporous metal oxides consisting of fully interconnected network structures with small pores (20–50 nm) have high surface areas and decreased ion intercalation distances, making them ideal for use in high-performance electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSs). Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), which combines sol–gel chemistry and molecular self-assembly, is a powerful method for the fabrication of mesoporous metal oxides through a solution phase synthesis. Herein, we introduce ultrafast sub-1 s ECSs based on an amorphous mesoporous tungsten trioxide (WO3) that is prepared by EISA. Compared to that of a compact-WO3 film-based device, the performances of an ECS with mesoporous WO3 exhibits a large optical modulation (76% at 700 nm), ultrafast switching speeds (0.8 s for coloration and 0.4 s for bleaching), and a high areal capacitance (2.57 mF/cm2), even at a high current density (1.0 mA/cm2). In addition, the excellent device stability during the coloration/bleaching and charging/discharging cycles is observed under fast response conditions. Moreover, we fabricated a patterned mesoporous WO3 for ECS displays (ECSDs) via printing-assisted EISA (PEISA). The resulting ECSDs can be used as portable energy-storage devices, and their electrochromic reflective displays change color according to their stored energy level. The ECSDs in this work have enormous potential for use in next-generation smart windows for buildings and as portable energy storage displays.
Highlights
Electrochromic devices (ECDs), which control light transmittance through electrochemical redox reactions, have been widely used in electrochemical reflective displays or smart windows for energy efficient buildings[1,2,3,4,5]
In this study, multifunctional electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSs) were fabricated based on amorphous mesoporous WO3 films produced by Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA)
We developed printing-assisted EISA (PEISA) to fabricate patterned mesoporous WO3 for ultrafast ECS displays (ECSDs), which could serve as electrochemical reflective displays that could store electrical charge
Summary
Electrochromic devices (ECDs), which control light transmittance through electrochemical redox reactions, have been widely used in electrochemical reflective displays or smart windows for energy efficient buildings[1,2,3,4,5]. We report ultrafast response ECSs by exploiting the mesoporous structure of an amorphous WO3 film prepared by EISA.
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