Abstract
A case study involving a healthy trained male athlete who completed a 786 km multi-stage ultra-trail race. Several markers were analyzed in blood and urine samples: creatinine (SCR) for kidney damage, sodium ([Na+]) for hyponatremia, creatine kinase (CK) for exertional rhabdomyolysis, as well as other hematological values. Samples were taken before and after the race and during the recovery period (days 2 and 9 after the race). Results showed: SCR = 1.13 mg/dl, [Na+] =139 mmol/l and CK = 1.099 UI/l. Criteria for the determination of acute kidney damage were not met, and [Na+] concentration was above 135 mEq/L, indicating the absence of hyponatremia. Exertional rhabdomyolysis was suffered by the athlete (baseline CK increased fivefold), though this situation was reverted after 9 days of recovery. Ultra-trail races cause biochemical changes in athletes, which should be known about by healthcare professionals.
Highlights
Health 2021, 18, 11323. https://Endurance events have increased their popularity over the last decade [1]
The diagnostic of Acute kidney injury (AKI) is based on serum creatinine (SCR) or estimated glomerular filtration rate or diuresis [16]
Renal function assessed through samples: creatinine (SCR) did not meet the criteria for considering kidney damage since SCR did not increase by 50% [10]
Summary
Endurance events have increased their popularity over the last decade [1]. In the USA, 546 races took place in 2016, and this number increased to 1073 in 2019 [2]. The diagnostic of AKI is based on serum creatinine (SCR) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or diuresis [16] All these markers are compared with baseline, and their increases after completing the race imply acute damage on the kidney of the runners [15,17] and sometimes chronic damage that, may even require medical treatment or hospitalization [18]. Neither the exact percentage of weight that runners must lose during the race nor the best hydration protocol for ultra-races has been defined [23] Another key factor in the development of AKI and/or EAH [24] is post-exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) [25]. This case study outlines the main variations in some urine and blood-determined biomarkers relevant to the three aforementioned conditions, as well as hematological and biochemical changes after a 786 km multi-stage ultra-trail race of 11 consecutive stages
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